Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences

THE ROMAN LIMES IN TRANSYLVANIA – A GEOGRAPHICAL-ARCHAEOLOGICAL AXIS STRUCTURE

2025-03-07T06:58:57+03:00

The Limes Dacicus was an advanced Roman frontier defense system, strategically designed to protect the province of Dacia while ensuring effective military control and communication. This study examines the northwestern, northern, northeastern, and eastern limes axes, focusing on their topographical adaptation, military significance, and geomorphological characteristics within the broader context of Roman imperial defense strategies. One of the key findings of this research is the integrated role of Roman road networks, which functioned as geo-archaeological axes. These roads were not only vital for military mobility, troop deployment, and supply chains but also served as catalysts for economic interactions and Romanization in Dacia. Their routes were meticulously aligned with hydrographic and orographic structures, ensuring strategic connectivity across the province. This interdisciplinary study, combining geography and archaeology, underscores how natural barriers and human-made fortifications worked in tandem to form an effective defensive and administrative system. The research has significant implications for public and private sectors in archaeology, geography, and cultural tourism, providing valuable insights into Roman military logistics, frontier management, and landscape adaptation strategies in ancient Dacia. Moreover, the findings contribute to the broader understanding of Roman imperial control mechanisms and the ways in which geographical features influenced military strategy and infrastructure development.

L−fuzzy Weakly 2-AFs in an ADL

2025-03-07T06:59:25+03:00

The concept of L-fuzzy weakly 2-absorbing filters in an Almost Distributive Lattice (ADL) has been introduced, extending the idea of L-fuzzy weakly prime filters in an ADL. In essence, we illustrate the connections between L-fuzzy prime filters and L-fuzzy weakly prime filters, L-fuzzy weakly prime filters and L-fuzzy weakly 2-absorbing filters, and L-fuzzy 2-absorbing filters and L-fuzzy weakly 2-absorbing filters. Additionally, we show that the direct product of any two L-fuzzy weakly prime filters yields an L-fuzzy weakly 2-absorbing filter.

Determinants of Incomplete Vaccination among Children Aged 12-23 Months olds in Central Ethiopia

2025-03-07T07:00:20+03:00

Introduction: Incomplete vaccination poses an increased risk to children in terms of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, in Ethiopia, achieving full vaccination, which includes all recommended vaccines, remains a significant public health challenge. Unfortunately, there is a lack of evidence regarding the factors contributing to incomplete vaccination among children in the study area.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the determinants of incomplete vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in the Silti district, located in Central Ethiopia, in 2022.
Methods: From September 1 to 30, 2022, a community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted. A total of 477 children aged 12–23 months (159 cases and 318 controls) were selected using stratified random sampling from nine kebeles. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with mothers to collect data. Data completeness was ensured through manual checks, and it was then coded and inputted into Epi-data software version 4.6. The data were exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with incomplete vaccination in children. The significance of the determinants within the final model was determined using a 95% confidence interval and a p-value threshold of < 0.05. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used to quantify the strength of associations.
Results: The study revealed that the determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination included mothers who did not receive postnatal care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.46–6.6), mothers who had low participation in women's development groups (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.63–4.6), mothers with limited knowledge of child vaccination (AOR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.26–6.6), mothers who did not graduate as a model family (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.6-7.6), and children born at home (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.5-6.41).
Conclusion: The determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination in this study were mothers who did not attend postnatal care, poor maternal knowledge about child vaccination, lower maternal participation levels in women's development groups, mothers who did not graduate as a model family, and children born at home. To reduce childhood incomplete vaccination, it is important for all stakeholders to take action.

Poor Hygiene Practices Related to Complementary Feeding and its Associated Factors among Mothers of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Lemo District, Central Ethiopia, 2024: Cross-sectional study.

2025-03-07T07:00:43+03:00

Background: Poor hygiene practices during this phase can lead to foodborne diseases and inadequate nutrient intake. Objective: To assess poor hygienic practice related to complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Lemo District, 2023. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2023, utilizing a systematic sampling technique. A total of 402 mother-child pairs were randomly selected for participation. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were deemed to be statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of poor hygienic practices related to complementary feeding among mothers of children aged 6-23 months was found to be 65%. Factors significantly associated with it was the absence of a separate kitchen [AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: (1.32, 7.59)], lack of access to a protected source of drinking water [AOR = 8.17, 95% CI: (3.06, 18.7)], and lack of access to media [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: (1.25, 3.6)]. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant prevalence of inadequate hygienic practices in the context of complementary feeding among mothers. The absence of separate kitchen, unprotected source of drinking water, and a lack of exposure to media were associated factors.

Predictors of mortality among HIV positive adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Attat primary hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

2025-03-07T07:01:37+03:00

Background: Over the last decade, Ethiopia has made significant progress in combating the HIV epidemic. Even though there have been improvements in service delivery and utilization since the introduction of Antiretroviral Treatment services in Ethiopia, mortality among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) remains high, with mortality rates varying from place to place. Therefore, this study intends to explore the predictors of mortality among adult HIV-positive patients on active anti-retroviral therapy in Attat primary hospital.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2021. Records of 422 HIV-positive adults, who had been taking antiretroviral treatment between January 2016 to January 2021, were included in the study. The data were collected and entered by an Open Data Kit (ODK) and exported to STATA version 14.1 for analysis. Kaplan-Meier and a log-rank test were used to compare survival probability. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to predict the risk of death.

Results: Of the total of 422 participants 239 (56.6%) were female. The median age was 34.5 years with an interquartile range of 26 to 40.25 years. The median follow-up time was 33 months with an IQR of 18 to 48 months. The overall mortality rate was 4.71/100 person-years at risk. Bedridden functional status (AHR: 2.658; 95%CI: 1.177-6.328), hemoglobin level <10 g/dl (AHR: 3.525; 95%CI: 1.387-8.954), clinical-stage IV (AHR: 3.294; 95%: 1.290-8.411) and active TB during treatment (AHR: 3.108; 95%CI: 1.478-6.534) were the main factors associated with mortality.

Conclusion: Bedridden, functional status, low hemoglobin level, advanced clinical stage, and Tuberculosis co-infection were significant predictors of mortality for patients under ART. The mortality rate needs to be reduced by emphasizing individuals with advanced clinical stage, anemia, bedridden functional status, and Tuberculosis co-infection.

Keywords: HIV, ART, Mortality, Ethiopia

Calibration and Validation of the Aqua-Crop Model under Full and Deficit Irrigated

2025-03-07T07:02:49+03:00

In the face of growing water scarcity, declining water quality, and the uncertainties of climate change, improving the efficiency and productivity of crop water use, while simultaneously reducing negative environmental impacts, is of utmost importance in responding to the increasing food demand of growing Egypt’s population. Agricultural water because it is the key factor for increasing crop water productivity. Therefore, the objective of this research is to improve irrigation water use efficiency by providing better information on how much and when farmers should apply to optimize distribution uniformity and application efficiency through better system management by producing more food with less water. Cor-water models are useful tools for agricultural water management and efficient irrigation scheduling to mitigate climate change and increase the Irrigation Application Efficiency (Ea) and Crop Water Productivity (CWP).

AquaCrop model was evaluated under irrigated sugar beet crops with different water regimes (100, 80 and 60% potential evapotranspiration (ETp) throughout the successful winter growth season (2017/2018) under pressurized irrigation systems (surface drip-irrigation system and fixed-sprinkler irrigation). The total cultivated area with sugar beet in Nubaria region is about 95,000 ha, therefore, applying 20% deficit drip irrigation strategy in the region would lead to water saving by about 184.3 million cubic meters which enough for increasing the cultivated area by about 30,000 ha (about to 30%).

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers on Peanut Productivity Under Drip Irrigation System

2025-03-07T07:03:12+03:00

One of important practical measures to improve soil fertility is application of organic fertilizers; in addition to providing necessary microelements for improve the productivity of crops. Two field experiments were carried out during successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at at the National Research Center farm, Nubaria area, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to study the role of fertilizers (Microelements and Hydro Follase) and drinking water purification residuals DWPR on productivity of peanut plants grown in sandy soil. A split-plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement was used with four replications. The main plots were allotted to two DWPR (10 and 20 m³) beside control, the three microelements and Hydro Follase (0% control, 50% and 100%) were devoted to sub-plots. Results showed significant of all studied parameters except shelling% for DWPR, microelements and the interactions in both seasons. The application of DWPR at dose 20 m³/fed causes an increase seed yield/plant (66.9 – 49.9 g), seed index (87.8 – 87.7 g) and seed yield/fad (1.34 – 1.33 ton) in both seasons, respectively. The results indicated that the microelements level at 100% increases seed yield/plant (72.9 – 56.8 g), seed index (90.3 – 89.3 g) and seed yield/fad (1.46 – 1.56 ton) in both seasons compared with 0 and 50%. The interaction between 20 m³/fed DWPR and 100% microelements recorded the greatest value of seed yield/fad (1.74 – 1.85 ton) in both seasons. Finally it is possible to use DWPR application at 20 m³/fedwith 100% microelements to improve the productivity of peanut under sandy soil conditions.

Performance of Maize Genotypes, Water Productivity (WP) by Aquacrop Model Under Modern irrigation systems and Drought

2025-03-07T07:03:42+03:00

Drought stress is one of the most harmful a biotic stress that occurs for several causes, including low humidity, salinity, heat stress, and light intensity, among others. Severe of water stress in maize plants causes depression in yield and yield component. Drought stress reduces maize productivity by 15- 30%. The objective of this study was to select adequate irrigation with the greatest maize genotype efficiency to produce the highest possible yields per unit area and calibrate the water productivity by AquaCrop model. The present investigation was conducted at National Research Center, El-Noubaria Research Station El-Behaira Governorate. Sixteen cultivar maize genotypes under three water irrigation were chosen for this work. The crosses were evaluated in the 2017 and 2018 seasons under three water irrigation: 40% (m3/ha), 60% (m3/ha), and 80% (m3/ha) by using sprinkler irrigation. The results could be summarized that the three hybrids No.3, No.5 and No.6, should be recommended to maize breeding programs aiming at improving drought tolerance under corresponding drought stressed environments. The observed and simulated water productivity (WP) indicated that it is possible to obtain a high (WP), yielding and high yield component simultaneously by calibrated of the Aquacrop model, in spite of the positive correlation has been obtained in the review between observed and simulated (WP), grain yield and yield component, confirming the results.