YAMUT-BAL KINGDOM, A HISTORICAL STUDY IN THE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (1834 – 1763) B.C

Abstract

The city in Mesopotamia was the nucleus that all the social activities, Economic and military, actions were performed based on it and the cities ( Ur , Aridou, Laksh, Kish, Babilon and Ashur) were The capitals cities for kings  and  old  emperors  and also there are old cities that don’t exist at all in history, in some history books like (Dir , Laraak  ,  Yamot  -  Baal  and  meshken  Sabir) were some of the capitals  or  political  or  military  cities,  which played a political,  economic and military role in old  Iraq.  The city (Yamout – Baal) is  one  of  these  important  forgotten  cities,  which  became  a  great  country  in  eastern  Mesopotamia, and ruled in the middle and south, and part of the country and in spite of the disagreement the research to follow the impact since the beginning of the second thousand BC. Although researchers and archeologists differed in determining the origin and meaning of the name of this city through a group of opinions However, we are suggest the opinion that the name of the city (Yamot - Baal) have two part , Yamot means ( the spirit of harvestation ), and Baal means the spirit (springs and groundwater )" As well as that all the tribes that ruled this region or near areas were called The names are approach to the same meaning, which grains (wheat and barley) and water, also the Aramaic tribes on the near cities such as the city of Dir (Beit Deria), meaning (Almazron) which is the land of  barley or the fertile land, and these city became capitals after that , And the  same meaning  continued  on  this  region to the  Sasanian period, as they called the near areas  (Yamot Baal) or  within  its borders  (Jusan) (Gusan),  which  the  land of barley or the land of the giving, which is today the city of Jassan. And the most nail writings identified place of the city of (Yamot-Baal) were similar in content, with their preaching that they were located within the settled cities of East Tigris  and  established  a  ruling  dynasty  in Larsa, The city was taken from the city of Dir as the capital of the king's (Kodor-Mayok) and his  children  (Word-Sin)  (Reem-Sin), that had a great political presence on the old Iraqi , and had embraced southern cities and governed them for more than 72 years, which since 1834 BC. King of Amorite (Kodor-Mapuk) until they were dropped by Hammurabi in 1763 BC.