Survey of Common Poisonous Plants of Tengger Tribal at Bromo Tengger Semeru in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Survey research toxic plants in Tengger people Bromo Tengger and Semeru, revealed  the uses, of traditional indigenous knowledge system of the society covering useful toxic plants for their livelihood and local knowledge. Poisonous plants can be a source of food, ritual, medicines, industrial base materials and economic importance. But the risearching botanical poisonous knowledge is often limited. The Tengger people in their lives rerely on plant resources for a variety of purposes and have a good knowledge of the diversity of toxic plant species around them. Clearly, the existence of poison plants is a threat, so the extinction of biodiversity of toxic plants is threatened extinct. The research was conducted using structural, open-ended interview and direct observation (survey). The research were arranged in order to collect information about the knowledge and poisonous uses, effect of plants by the Tengger tribal from January 2016 to November 2017. The survey toxic plants of Tengger community resulted in identification of 36 species with 32 genus and 14 families poisonous plants that are presented in the paper. I show that the species belonged to defferent families i.e Euphorbiaceae (eight species), Asteraceae (six species), Solanaceae (six species), Araceae (two species), Urticaceae (two species: Girardinia palmata and Laporte sinuata), they have stinging hairs, mushroms (two species) etc. Most of the toxic plants collected were used to hunt, food, spices, conservation, boundary yard, smoke, treat diarrhoeal diseases, but others and amongst many other uses e.g. ritual. The ingestion of Castor (Jatropha curcas, Jatropha multifida, Ricinus communis) uses medical and poisonous plants. Bedor or Dancukan (Girardinia palmata), and Trapasan hitam, black trapasan (Centrum elegans) had major toxicity, spread in mountainous regions at altitudes up to 1200-2000 m asl. The Specific preventive the cases toxic plants to be information measures families, identification,  management and regulation specific area.