The Effect of Garlic Supplementation against Nickel-Induced Heamatotoxicity and Nephrotoxiicty in Albino Wistar Rats

Sara Derbal; Zine Kechrid

Sara Derbal Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
Zine Kechrid Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology Application, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria

Keywords: Nickel, Kidney, Rats, Garlic, Nephrotoxicty, Heamatotoxicity.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic against nickel-induced alterations in hematological indices and kidney dysfunction. Materials and methods: Thirty two female albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Controls, garlic, nickel and nickel plus garlic. Nickel 800 mg/L was given in their drinking water as nickel sulfate (NiSO46H2O) and garlic was given as 20g/kg diet. The experiment was lasted for 21 days. Results: The exposure to nickel resulted in a significant decrease in body weight and food intake with an increase in the absolute and relative kidney weights. Red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, platelet (Plt) counts and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly diminished, while white blood cells count (WBC) increased in nickel exposed rats. The renal damage induced by nickel was evidenced by a significant increase in the levels of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. Moreover, kidney reduced glutathione level (GSH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities were reduced. However, the co-administration of garlic, a corrective of the altered histopathological and biochemical changes in the kidney as well as hematological parameters were noticed. Conclusion: In conclusion the study showed that garlic effectively attenuated Ni-induced heamatotoxicity and nephrotoxicty through its antioxidant action.

References

Abdallah, E.M. (2017). Potential antifungal activity of fresh garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.) from Sudan. Journal of Biotechnology Research 3(11): 106-109.

Adjroud O. (2013). The toxic effects of nickel chloride on liver, erythropoiesis, and development in Wistar albino preimplanted rats can be reversed with selenium pretreatment, Environ. Toxicol. 28(5), 290–298

Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro In: Methods in Enzymology. Packer, L. (2nd). Academic Press. Orlando. FL 105. pp. 121-126.

Al-Qattan, K.K., Alnaqeeb, M.A., Ali, M. The antihypertensive effect of garlic (Allium sativum) in the rat two-kidney–one-clip Goldblatt model. Journal of ethnopharmacology 66(2), 217-222.

Anusuya, N., Durgadevi, P., Dhinek, A and Mythily, S. (2013). Nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in male wistar rats. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 6 Suppl 4, 97-100.

Ankri, S., Mirelman, D. (1999). Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes. Infect.1(2), 125-9.

Ariga, T., Seki, T. (2006). Antithrombotic and anticancer effects of garlic‐derived sulfur compounds: A review. Biofactors 26(2), 93-103.

Banerjee, S.K., Maulik, S.K. (2002). Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutrition Journal 1 (4), 1–14

Barbier, O., Jacquillet, G ., Tauc, M., Cougnon, M and Poujeol, P. (2005). Effect of heavy metals on, and handling by, the kidney. Nephron Physiol 99, 105-110.

Block, E. (1985). The chemistry of garlic and onions .Sci. Am. 252(3), 114–9.

Borek, C. (2001). Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. Journal of Nutrition 131, 1010-1015.

Bouhalit, S., Kechrid, Z and Elfeki, A. (2017).Effect of Silymarin Extracted from Silybum marianum on Nickel Hematotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Male Albino Wistar Rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Res. 9(8), 84-89.

Bradford, M. (1976).A rapid and sensitive method for the quantities of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1–2), 248-254.

Buege, J. A., Aust, S. D. (1984). Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol.105, 302–310.

Ellman, G.L. (1959). Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82, 70-77.

Cha, C.W. (1987).A study on the effect of garlic to the heavy metal poisoning of rat. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2, 213–224.

Cempel, M., Nikel, G. (2006). Nickel: a review of its sources and environmental toxicology. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 15 (3), 375-382.

Chen, C.Y., Huang, Y. L and Lin, Y. H. (1998). Association between oxidative stress and cytokine production in nickel-treated rats. J. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 356, 127-132.

Dahdouh, F., Attalah, S., Djabar, M and Kechrid, Z. (2016).Effect of the joint supplementation of vitamin c and vitamin e on nickel heamatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male swiss albino mice. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8(6), 234-239.

Das, K.K., Das, S.N., Dhundasi, S.A. (2008). Nickel, its adverse health effects and oxidative stress. Indian J. Med .Res. 128, 412-25.

De Brouwere, K., Buekers, J., Cornelis, C., Schlekat, C.E., Oller, AR. Sci. 419, 25-36.

De Brouwere, K., Buekers, J., Cornelis, C., Schlekat, C. E and Oller, A. R.(2012).Assessment of indirect human exposure to environmental sources of nickel: oral exposure and risk characterization for systemic effects.Science of the total environment 419, 25-36.

Denkhausa, E.S.K.(2002).Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Crit Rev Oncol Hemat. 42, 35-36.

Divya, B.J., Suman, B., Kumar, L.L., Venkataswamy, M., Eswari, B and Thyagaraju, K. (2017). The Role of allium sativum (Garlic) in Various Disease and Its Health Benefits: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Advanced Research 5(8), 592-602.

Djemli, S., Kechrid, Z. (2013). Preventive effect of zinc on nickel-induced oxidative liver injury in rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 12 (51), 7112-7119.

Flohe, L., Gunzler, W.A. (1984).Analysis of glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol.for Cadmium. Atlanta, GA 105: 114–121.

Ghalehkandi, J. G., Ebrahimnezhad, Y and Nobar, R. S. (2012).Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) aqueous extract on serum values of urea, uric-acid and creatinine compared with chromium chloride in male rats. Annals of Biological Research 3 (9), 4485-4490.

Horton, G.M.J., Fennell, M.J., Prasad, B.M. (1991).Effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) on performance, carcass composition and blood chemistry changes in broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 939–942.

Hould, R.(1984). Techniques d’histologie et de cytopatologie. Ed Maloine.

Ide, N., Matsuura, H and Itakura, Y. (1996).Scavenging effect of aged garlic extract and its constituents on active oxygen species. Phytother Res. 10, 340-341.

Jollow, D.J., Mitchell, J.R., Zamppaglione, Z and Gillerre, J.R. (1974). Bromobenzen induced liver necrosis, protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4-bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolites. Pharmacology 11, 151-157.

Karale, S., Kamath, J.V. (2017). Protective role of daidzein against cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 9,103-7.

Khanum, F., Anilakumar, K. R and Viswanathan, K. R. (2004). Anticarcinogenic properties of garlic: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 44(6), 479-488.

Kweon, S., Park, K.A., Choi, H. (2003). Chemopreventive effect of garlic powder diet in diethylnitrosamine-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Life Sci. 73(19), 2515-2526.

Lau, B. H. S. (2001). Suppression of LDL oxidation by garlic. J. Nutr. 131, 958S-88S

Layachi, N., Kechrid, Z. (2012). Combined protective effect of vitamins C and E on cadmium induced oxidative liver injury in rats.African Journal of Biotechnology 11(93), 16013-16020.

Le, V.N., Dao S.T. (2016). Highly potent toxicity of nickel in river water to daphnia lumholtzi. International Journal of Development Research 6(9):9526-9531.

Li. Z., Chen. X., Li. S., Wang Z. (2015). Effect of nickel chloride on Arabidopsisgenomic DNA and methylation of 18S rDNA. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 18(1): 51-57

Maity, S., Roy, S., Chaudhury, S and Bhattacharya, S. (2008). Antioxidant responses of the earthworm Lampito mauritii exposed to Pb and Zn contaminated soil. Environ. J. Pollut. 151, 1-7

Marcin, R., Tatara, E.W.A., S´liwa., Dudek., Katarzyna., Mosiewicz1., Jerzy., Studzin,´ ski., Tadeusz (2005).Effect of aged garlic extract and allicin administration to sows during pregnancy and lactation on body weight gain and gastrointestinal tract development of piglets.PART I. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy 49, 349–355.

Misra, H.P., Fridovich I. (1977).Superoxide dismutase: Positive spectrophotometric assays .anal.biochem.79 (1-2), 553-560.

Novelli, E.L., Rodrigues, N.L., Nagahashi, A.M., Sforcin, J.M and Ribas, B.O. (1990).Nickel chloride effects on erythrocyte generation of superoxide radical. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 23,643-5.

Nwokocha, C.R., Owu, D.U., Nwokocha, M. I., Ufearo, C. S and Iwuala, M. O.(2012).Comparative study on the efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) in reducing some heavy metal accumulation in liver of wistar rats.Food and chemical toxicology 50(2), 222-226.

Obone, E., Chakrabarti, S.K., Bai, C., Malick, M.A., Lamontagne, L and Subramanian, K.S. (1999). Toxicity and bioaccumulation of nickel sulfate in Sprague-Dawley rats following 13 w of subchronic exposure. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 57, 379-401.

Rahimikia, E. (2017).Analysis of antioxidants and serum biochemical responses in goldfish under nickel exposure by sub-chronic test. Journal of Applied Animal Research 45(1), 320-325.

Richard, S.A., John, D.P., James, P.K. (2006). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1763, 723-736.

Sazuka, Y., Tanizawa, H., Takino, Y. Jpn. J. (1989). Effect of adriamycin on the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in tissues of mice. Japanese journal of cancer research. 80(1), 89-94.

Shabani, E., Sayemiri, K and Mohammadpour, M. (2019).The effect of garlic on lipid profile and glucose parameters in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary care diabetes 13(1), 28-42.

Sidhu, P., Garg, M. L and Dhawan, D. K. (2004). Protective role of zinc in nickel induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions 150(2), 199-209.

Singh, V.K., Singh, D.K. (2008) Pharmacological effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Annu. Rev. Biomed. Sci. 10, 6–26.

Singh. A., Kumar. M., Kumar. V., Roy D., Kushwaha, R., Vaswani, S ., Kumar A. (2020). Effect of Nickel Supplementation on Liver and Kidney Function Test and Protein Metabolism in Growing Cattle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 90: 113–122.

Sobenin, I.V., Andrianova, K.Y., Lakunin, V.P., Karagodin, Y.V., Bobryshev, A.N., Orekhov. (2016). Anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparation in freeze injury model of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Phytomedicine 23 (11), 1235-9.

Stohs, S.J., Bagchi, D. (1995).Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radical Biol. Med. 8, 321–36.

Tikare, S. N., Yendigeri, S. A. E. E. D., Gupta, A. D., Dhundasi, S. A., and Das, K. K. (2012). Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on hematology and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system of albino rats exposed to heavy metals (nickel II & chromium VI). Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 56(2), 137-146.

Tyagi, R., Rana, P., Gupta, M., Khan, A.R., Bhatnagar, D., Bhalla, P.J., Chaturvedi, S., Tripathi R.P and Khushu, S. (2013).Differential biochemical response of rat kidney towards low and high doses of NiCl2 as revealed by NMR spectroscopy. J. Appl .Toxicol.33, 134-141.

Wang, Y.F., Shyu, H.W., Chang, Y.C., Tseng, W.C., Huang, Y.L., Lin, K.H et al. (2012). Nickel (II)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human proximal tubule cells through a ROS and mitochondria-mediated pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 259, 177-86.

Zhang, Y., Liu X.P., Ruan. J., Zhuang. X., Zhang. X., Li. Z. (2020). Phytochemicals of garlic: Promising candidates for cancer therapy. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 123: 109730