Improvement of soil fertility and rice productivity using green manure crops in paddy fields
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the growth and yield of rice after sowing Italian ryegrass and rye in spring and using them as green manure. When green manure is converted into fertilizer components, Italian ryegrass is 21-7-40 kg ha-1 and rye is 25-7-47 kg ha-1. The height of the rice came out from the rice fields that were made of Italian ryegrass as green manure during the entire growth period, followed by the rice fields that were given rye and nothing. As a result of measuring the chemical elements of the soil, the rice fields given Italian ryegrass were the most acidic. The land that gave Italian ryegrass and rye as green manure contained more electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, P2O5, K and T-N than the land given nothing. The yield of rice was 805.2 kg 10a-1 for Italian ryegrass, 639.9 kg 10a-1 for rye, and 415.3 kg 10a-1 for the control group. Therefore, EC, organic matter, P2O5, K, and T-N showed a normal relationship in the relationship between yield and soil chemical factors, and negative correlation was shown in pH, Ca, and Mg. Therefore, even without fertilizer, it was shown that the yield of rice was improved in the land where Italian ryegrass and rye were used as green manure. This result is thought to reduce the misconception of the Earth's atmospheric environment by reducing chemical fertilizers in the paddy field and spreading and using eco-friendly cultivation methods.References
Becker M, Diekmann K H, Ladha J K, De Datta S K, Ottow J C G. 1991. Effect of NPK on growth and nitrogen fixation of Sesbania rostrata as a green manure for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant and Soil 132(1): 149-158.
Chen L, Dick W A, Streeter J G, Hoitink H A. 1998. Fe chelates from compost microorganisms improve Fe nutrition of soybean and oat. Plant and Soil 200(2): 139-147.
Cherr C M, Scholberg J M S, McSorley R. 2006. Green manure approaches to crop production. Agronomy Journal 98(2): 302-319.
Frøseth R B, Bakken A K, Bleken M A, Riley H, Pommeresche R, Thorup-Kristensen K, Hansen S. 2014. Effects of green manure herbage management and its digestate from biogas production on barley yield, N recovery, soil structure and earthworm populations. European Journal of Agronomy 52(B): 90-102.
Gao X, Lv A, Zhou P, Qian Y, An Y. 2015. Effect of Green Manures on Rice Growth and Plant Nutrients under Conventional and No-Till Systems. Agronomy Journal 107(6): 2335-2346.
Gao X, Shi D, Lv A, Wang S, Yuan S, Zhou P, An Y. 2016. Increase phosphorus availability from the use of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) green manure in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Scientific Reports 6(1): 36981.
Khan S A, Mulvaney R L, Ellsworth T R, Boast C W. 2007. The myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality 36(6): 1821-1832.
Kimani S M, Bimantara P O, Hattori S, Tawaraya K , Sudo S, Xu X, Cheng W. 2020. Co-application of poultry-litter biochar with Azolla has synergistic effects on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from rice paddy soils. Heliyon 6(9): e05042.
Kim S Y, Lee C H, Gutierrez J, Kim P J. 2013. Contribution of winter cover crop amendments on global warming potential in rice paddy soil during cultivation. Plant and Soil 366 (1-2): 273-286.
Matsuo T, Hoshikawa K. 1993. Science of the rice plant. In: Volume 1: Mophology. Tokyo, Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center. pp. 686
McVay K A, Radcliffe D E, Hargrove W L. 1989. Winter legume effects on soil properties and nitrogen fertilizer requirements. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53(6): 1856-1862.
Lee J H, Park M H, Song H J, Kim P J. 2020. Unexpected high reduction of methane emission via short-term aerobic pre-digestion of green manured soils before flooding in rice paddy. Science of the Total Environment 2020(711):134641.
Moseley G, Jones E L, Ramanathan V. 1988. The nutritional evaluation of Italian ryegrass cultivars fed as silage to sheep and cattle. Grass and Forage Science 43(3): 291-295.
Nam J K, Ko J K, Kim K Y, Kim B K, Kim W J, Ha K Y, Shin M S, Ko J C, Kang H J, Park H S, Baek M K, Shin W C, Mo Y J, Choi I B, Kim Y D, Yang H S, Kim J G. 2013. A new early-maturing rice with blast, bacterial blight, rice stripe virus resistant and high grain quality, ‘Jopyeong’. Korean Journal Breeding Science 45(2): 177-182.
Postgate J. 1998. The origins of the unit of nitrogen fixation at the University of Sussex. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52(2): 355-362.
Rosen C J, Allan D L. 2007. Exploring the benefits of organic nutrient sources for crop production and soil quality. HortTechnology 17(4): 422-430.
Sharma A R, Mittra B N. 1988. Effect of green manuring and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of crops in rice-based cropping on acid lateritic soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science 110(3): 605-608.
Song H J, Lee J H, Canatoy R C, Lee J G, Lim P J. 2021. Strong mitigation of greenhouse gas emission impact via aerobic short pre-digestion of green manure amended soils during rice cropping. Science of the Total Environment 2021(761):143193.
Yang C H, Ryu J H, Kim T K, Lee S B, Kim J D, Baek N H, Kim S J. 2009. Effect of green manure crops incorporation with rice cultivation on soil fertility improvement in paddy field. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 42(5): 371-378.
Yasue T. 1991. The change of cultivation and utilization of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), and the effect of fertilizer and soil fertility on paddy field as a green manure. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 60(4): 583-592.
Copyright (c) 2021 Transylvanian Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
