Understanding Suicide: International Trends, Causes, Prevalence, and Collaborative Solutions

Abstract

Suicide is a global health problem that affects individuals of all ages, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds. The main purpose of the present study was to conduct a comprehensive review regarding suicide from various perspectives. The act of suicide is a complicated problem, and there are a number of elements that contribute to its occurrence. The identification of risk factors, protective factors, and effective interventions for the prevention of suicide is typically the primary emphasis of research on suicide. Substance abuse, a history of trauma or abuse, a family history of suicide, access to potentially fatal means, and social isolation are some of the most prevalent risk factors for suicide. Mental health illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder are also common risk factors. A solid social network, access to mental health care, and constructive coping techniques for dealing with stress and hardship are examples of protective factors against suicidal ideation and behavior. In addition, research has uncovered a number of helpful methods for the prevention of suicide, including psychotherapy, medicine, and crisis intervention programs. In addition, initiatives to prevent suicide concentrate on increasing public knowledge of mental health issues, decreasing the stigma that surrounds mental health, and broadening access to mental health services. In general, research on suicide sheds light on the importance of taking a multipronged approach to the problem of suicide. This strategy should improve mental health treatment, raise the level of awareness and education, and address the social and environmental variables that contribute to the risk of suicide.